![]() ![]() This term means two different things under two different circumstances: What do you mean by Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval?Īns: The Nyquist rate, is twice the bandwidth of a bandlimited function or a bandlimited channel. Sample and hold circuit is used in this type of sampling. In this sampling techniques, the top of the samples remains constant and is equal to the instantaneous value of the message signal x(t) at the start of sampling process. ![]() In comparison to natural sampling flat top sampling can be easily obtained. Natural Sampling is a practical method of sampling in which pulse have finite width equal to τ. Sampling is done in accordance with the carrier signal which is digital in nature.įlat top sampling is like natural sampling i.e practical in nature. In this sampling technique the sampling function is a train of impulses. Train of impulse is used as a carrier signal for ideal sampling. Compare them?Īns: Ideal Sampling is also known as Instantaneous sampling or Impulse Sampling. What are the different types of sampling techniques. To recover the signal g(t) exactly from its samples it has to be sampled at a rate fs ≥2fm. The maximum frequency component of g(t) is fm. A bandlimited signal can be reconstructed exactly if it is sampled at a rate at least twice the maximum frequency component in it. What is sampling? State Nyquist sampling theorem?Īns: Sampling is the process of converting analog signal into a discrete signal. Output: Enter the amplitude of message signal: 5 (can change the value) ![]() (The answer can vary depending upon the input values applied) (k) Some Basic Functions using ScilabĪ =input('Enter the amplitude of message signal:') (The answer can vary depending upon the input values applied) (j) Hamming Distance (error detecting technique) using Scilab clc clear all // Getting Code Words code1 = input ('Enter the 1st Code Word ') code2 = input ('Enter the 2nd Code Word ') Hamming_Distance = 0 for i = 1:length (code1) Hamming_Distance = Hamming_Distance + bitxor(code1(i),code2(i)) end disp (Hamming_Distance, 'Hamming Distance')Įnter the 1st Code Word Įnter the 2nd Code Word Maximum Output Signal to Noise Ratio for Delta Modulation in dB: N=W*ts*sigma_q //average output noise powerĭisp(SNR_dB,'Maximum Output Signal to Noise Ratio for Delta Modulation in dB: ') Įnter the modulating frequency in Hz: 2000Įnter the sampling frequency in samples/second: 10000 P0max=(a^2)/2 //maximum permissable output power (The answer can vary depending upon the input values applied) (i) Output Signal to Noise Ratio of Delta Modulation using ScilabĪ=input('Enter the amplitude of input signal: ') įm=input('Enter the modulating frequency in Hz: ') įs=input('Enter the sampling frequency in samples/second: ') ĭelta=2*%pi*a*fm*ts //step size to avoid slope overload W = input('Enter the message signal bandwidth: ')ĭisp(SNRo ,' Output Signal to Noise Ratio in dB : ') N = input('Enter the number of bits to encode: ') (h) PCM Modulation Output Signal to Noise Ratio with Bandwidth using Scilab ![]() Plot(1:a,p) //plot the probability at ith trail(discrete sequence)įc=input('Enter the frequency of carrier signal (square wave):') įm=input('Enter the frequency of message signal (sine wave):') Ī=input('Enter the amplitude of message signal:') Įnter the frequency of carrier signal (square wave):50Įnter the frequency of message signal (sine wave):10 P(i)=count/i //probability of head occurring at ith interval Value drawn from an uniform distribution of unit intervalĬount=count+1 //increment the count value when head occurs X=round(rand(1)) //"round" the elements to nearest integerĪnd "rand" returns a pseudo random scalar (f) Headcount (Probability of Getting Head) using Scilab Xtitle ('Compression Law: A?Law companding','Normalized Input |x|','Normalized Output |c(x)|') Xtitle ('Compression Law: u-Law Companding','Normalized Input |x|','Normalized Output |c(x)|') Ĭx(i) = (1+log(A*abs(x(i)/Xmax)))./(1+log(A)) Ī = // Different Values of A (c) Phase Shift Keying (PSK) using ScilabĬx = (log(1+ mu*abs(x/Xmax ))./ log(1+ mu)) Ĭx = Cx/Xmax // Normalization of output vector function is the percent of the period in Vm=squarewave(t,40) // The second parameter in the squarewave (b) Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) using Scilab (a) Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) using Scilab ![]()
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